Pronouns are words that are used in place of nouns, or pronouns are noun substitutes, it is a word that takes the place of a common noun or a proper noun. ( Les pronoms sont des mots qui sont utilisés à la place des noms, ou les pronoms sont des substituts de noms, c'est un mot qui remplace un nom commun ou un nom propre. )
Antecedent of the pronoun is the noun to which a pronoun refers. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender, person and number. ( L'antécédent du pronom est le nom auquel un pronom se réfère. Un pronom doit être en accord avec son antécédent en genre, personne et nombre.)
I ( Je ) | She ( Elle ) |
Several ( Plusieurs ) |
This ( Cette ) |
My ( Ma ) |
That ( Cette ) |
Other ( Autre ) |
|
Mine ( Mien ) |
Hers ( La siene ) |
These ( Celle-ci ) |
Another ( Un autre) |
Me ( Moi ) | Anybody ( N'importe qui ) |
It ( Il ) |
Those ( Ceux ) |
We ( Nous ) |
Everybody ( Tout le monde ) |
Its (Ses ) |
All ( Tout) |
he ( Il ) |
They ( Ils ) |
They ( Ils ) |
Any ( Tout ) |
Nobody (Personne ) |
their ( Leur ) |
Ours ( Les notres ) |
both ( Tous les deux ) |
Somebody ( Quelqu'un ) |
Us (Nous ) |
Each ( Chaque ) |
theirs ( Les leurs ) |
No one ( Personne ) |
Them ( Leur ) |
You ( Tu ) |
Either ( Soit ) |
Someone (Quelques - uns ) |
Yours ( le tiens ) |
Which ( Lequel ) |
Neither ( Ni ) |
Everyone ( Toutes les personnes ) |
Your ( Votre ) |
What ( qoui ) |
Few ( Peu ) |
One ( Un ) |
Many ( Beaucoup ) |
Who ( Qui ) |
Whoever ( Quiconque ) |
His ( Le sien ) |
Whose ( Dont ) |
none (Aucun ) |
Whosoever ( Quiconque ) |
Him ( Lui ) |
Whom ( Qui ) |
Some ( Certains ) |
Anyone ( Nimporte qui ) |
There are Five kinds of Pronoun. ( Il existe cinq types de pronom )
I. Personal pronoun ( Les pronoms personnels )
Personal pronouns are used to replace nouns in a sentence.They can refer to the person speaking, the person being spoken to, or the person or thing spoken of. They can refer to people and have different forms depending on whether they are a subject or an object. ( Les pronoms personnels sont utilisés pour remplacer les noms dans une phrase. Ils peuvent faire référence à la personne qui parle, à la personne à qui on parle ou à la chose dont on parle. Ils peuvent prendre des formes différentes selon qu'il s'agit d'un sujet ou d'un objet. )
All the personal pronouns, with the exception of the pronoun “it “, refer to persons. Be careful with personal pronouns and learn how to use their various forms. They can be most troublesome if you are not aware of their proper use. ( Tous les pronoms personnels, à l'exception du pronom «ça», désignent des personnes. Soyez prudent avec les pronoms personnels et apprenez à utiliser leurs différentes formes. Ils peuvent être plus gênants si vous n'êtes pas au courant de leur utilisation correcte. )
Number | Person | Nominative | Objective Case | Possessive Case |
Singular | 1st person | I | me | my, mine |
2nd person | you | you | your, yours | |
3rd person | he, she, it | him, her, it | his, her, hers | |
Plural | 1st person | me | us | our, ours |
2nd person | you | you | your, yours | |
3rd person | they | them | their, theirs |
Forms of the Personal Pronouns. ( Formes des pronoms personnels )
A. First person- personal pronouns referring to the speaker: ( Les pronoms personnels à la première personne se référant au locuteur:)
Singular | Plural |
I | we |
My | our |
Mine | ours |
Me | us |
B. Second person- personal pronouns referring to the person spoken to: ( Les pronoms personnels de la deuxième personne se référant à la personne à qui on parle: )
Singular and Plural are similar: you, your, yours ( Le singulier et le pluriel sont similaires: vous, votre, le vôtre )
C. Third person- personal pronouns referring to the persons or things spoken of: ( Pronoms personnels de la troisième personne se référant aux personnes ou aux choses dont il est question )
Singular | Plural |
He | they |
His | their |
Him | theirs |
She | them |
Hers | |
It | |
Its |
Compound personal pronoun sometimes is called Reflexive pronouns. When the word "self" or "selves" are added to certain forms of the personal ( Le pronom personnel composé est parfois appelé pronoms réflexifs. Lorsque le mot «self» ou «selves » est ajouté à certaines formes du personnel )
A reflexive pronoun is used when the same person is affected by the action. ( Un pronom réflexif est utilisé lorsque la même personne est affectée par l'action. )
Example:
He cut himself while chopping vegetables. ( il s'est coupé en hachant des légumes. )
“He and himself “refers to the person doing the action.
Object pronouns | Reflexive pronouns |
Me | Myself ( ( Moi même ) |
You | Yourself ( Toi-même ) |
Her | herself ( Elle-même ) |
Him | Himself ( Lui même ) |
It | Itself |
You (plural) | Yourselves ( Vous même ) |
Us | Ourselves ( Nous même ) |
Them | Themselves ( Eux même ) |
Example:
• The door locks itself when you close it. ( La porte se verrouille d' elle - même lorsque vous la fermez. )
• They’re teaching themselves to cook. ( Ils apprennent eux-mêmes à cuisiner. )
II. Interrogative pronouns ( Pronoms interrogatifs )
Interrogative pronouns introduce questions. ( Les pronoms interrogatifs introduisent des questions. )
What ( Quoi ) | which ( Lequel ) |
who ( Qui ) |
Whom ( Qui ) |
whose ( De qui, Duquel ) |
III. Demonstrative pronouns. ( Pronoms démonstratifs )
Demonstrative pronouns point out specific persons, places, or things. ( Les pronoms démonstratifs désignent des personnes, des lieux ou des choses spécifiques. )
This points out near object (singular) ( Ceci indique un objet proche (singulier))
These points out near objects (plural) (
That points out far object (singular)
Those points out far objects (plural)
The pronouns this (singular) and these (plural) are used to refer to the person or thing present, nearby, or just mentioned. ( Les pronoms this (singulier) et ces (pluriel) sont utilisés pour désigner la personne ou chose présente, à proximité ou juste mentionnée. )
On the other hand, you see that and those to refer to the person or thing farther removed or less obvious.
IV. Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns do not point out particular persons, places, or things. Indefinite pronouns, such as “anyone,” “someone,” and “everyone,” are used to refer to a person or object, or a group of people or objects, without explaining who or what they are.
Singular | Plural | Singular or Plural |
Another | both | all |
Anybody | few | any |
Anyone | many | more |
Either | others | most |
No | several | none |
Not | some |
(Every, Not only, Each, Everybody, Everyone, Many a one, Nobody, No one, Neither, One, Other, Someone, Somebody)
• “Someone” and “somebody” refer to an unspecified person in a positive statement or question.
• “Anyone” and “anybody” refer to an unspecified person in a question or negative statement.
• “Everyone” refers to a whole group of people.
• “No one” means no person in a group.
• “No one” and “nobody” go in positive statements and questions.
• “Anyone” and “anybody” go in negative statements and questions.
• “Something” and “anything” refer to an unspecified or unnamed object or thing. “Something” can only be used in questions and positive statements, whereas “anything” can be used in negative statements as well as questions and positive statements.
• “Nothing” means that there are no available objects or things.
• “Everything” means all the possible objects or things are available.
V. Relative pronouns
Relative pronouns connect groups of words to another idea in the same sentence. That, which, who, whom, and whose are relative pronouns.
• Who” is used when the antecedent is a person.
• “That” is used to refer to either persons or things.